Resources
Bibliography compiled by Lorena Ibargüen Tinley in 2004.
A-Z by country and subject:
Currey, D., Lawson, S., Newman, J., & Ruwindrijarto, A. 2001, Timber trafficking. Illegal logging in Indonesia's, South East Asia and international consumption of illegally sourced timber , Environmental Investigation Agency (EIA) and Telapak, Indonesia.
Abstract: This report unravels the links between illegal logging and the massive demand for cheap and plentiful tropical timber in the consuming markets of the US, European Union, Japan and China. It gives an overview of illegal logging activities within South- East Asia, highlighting the regional situation, where illegal timber flows across borders and is then legitimized by paperwork that masks its true origin -from Indonesia to Malaysia, Singapore and China, from Cambodia to Thailand and Vietnam and from Burma to China. The document goes on to demonstrate this situation by detailing on a case study of illegal trade in Ramin timber.
The report concludes with some possible policy solutions that could help curb the illegal sourcing and trade of tropical timber:
- The use of existing international agreements (CITES),
- Procurement policies,
- Industry initiatives,
- New legislation,
- Improved border controls,
- Regional co-operation and
- Strengthening civil society and law enforcement.
The report finalizes with a series of recommendations for major timber importing nations and for timber producing nations in South-East Asia.
Keywords: Cambodia/East Asia/illegal logging/Indonesia/international agreements/law enforcement/Malaysia/Southeast Asia/trade/Vietnam/Verifor Bibliography /Project - SO140
Development Alternatives Inc. 1998, Results of the national assessment on illegal logging, processing and timber exports in Cambodia. Log monitoring and logging control project. Submitted to royal Government of Cambodia. Ministry of Economy and Finance & Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
Abstract: This report is a preliminary assessment of the sale of illegal logging in Cambodia from November 1997 to February 1998. It includes research methodology, calculation on the volume of illegal timber traded in 1997, a summary of the illegal activities in the commercial forestry sector, descriptions of the main illegal export routs, the conditions facilitating illegal logs and sawn wood exports, and introduction to the key stakeholders and four regional reports which highlight the differences in the illegal timber trade between regions
Keywords: Cambodia/illegal logging/illegal timber trade/monitoring/trade/Verifor Bibliography /Project - SO140
Development Alternatives Inc 1998, Current conditions for forest exploitation and management. Log monitoring and logging control project. Submitted to: Royal Government of Cambodia, Ministry of Economy and Finance & Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
Abstract: This report examines the causes, methods and actors involved in illegal and uncontrolled logging in Cambodia. The first part describes the role that authorizations play in facilitating illegal and uncontrolled logging. In the second part, illegal activity is categorized into seven types and a brief characterization of each type is given. Causes and incentives for the activity are discussed and the methods employed and the key actors are described. The seven categories of illegal activity discussed are:
- logging in protected areas
- unauthorized logging on concessions by concessionaires
- unauthorized cutting on concessions by poachers
- illegal transporting
- illegal log export in violation of the export ban
- illegal log scaling and grading
- illegal processing
Keywords: Cambodia/concessions/monitoring/Verifor Bibliography /Project - SO140
Development Alternatives Inc 1998, Institutional analysis. Log monitoring and logging control project. Submitted to: Royal Government of Cambodia, Ministry of Economy and Finance & Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
Abstract: This appendix describes the existing forest law enforcement framework in Cambodia, relevant laws and regulations and current surveillance, response, and prevention efforts; followed by an analysis of gaps and weaknesses
Keywords: Cambodia/forest law/forest law enforcement/law enforcement/monitoring/Verifor Bibliography /Project - SO140
Development Alternatives Inc. 1998, Technologies and procedures for log tracking and law enforcement. Log monitoring and logging control project. Submitted to: Royal Government of Cambodia, Ministry of Economy and Finance & Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
Abstract: This report contains recommendations regarding log tracking, aerial surveillance, ground surveillance, law enforcement and related subjects. An assessment of log tracking technologies is reported and includes a description of each technology considered. This appendix contains recommended technical procedures for certain log tracking and law enforcement activities and includes equipment lists for items that could considered for use in Cambodia now or at some future stage.
Keywords: Cambodia/law enforcement/monitoring/Verifor Bibliography /Project - SO140
Global Witness 1995, Forests, famine and war. The key to Cambodia's future
Abstract: This briefing document prepared by Global Witness reveals the architects and beneficiaries of Cambodia's timber trade, including the Royal Government of Cambodia and the Khmer Rouge, and its effect on the environment and the human population
Keywords: Cambodia/forests/trade/Verifor Bibliography /Project - SO140
Global Witness 1996, Cambodia, where money grows on trees. Continuing abuses of Cambodia's forest policy
Abstract: This document compares the promises made by the Royal Government of Cambodia at the 1996 Consultative Group meeting with the actions taken by the government in the following months. It looks into the Thai companies that have forestry activities in Cambodia, the illegal logging and timber movements into Laos and Thailand, as well as the role of the Steering Committee established to oversee forest policy
Keywords: Cambodia/forest policy/illegal logging/Verifor Bibliography /Project - SO140
Global Witness 1996, Corruption, war and forest policy
Abstract: This document examines deforestation in Cambodia, focusing on the role of the Royal Government of Cambodia in its destruction and the continued involvement of the Thai government and military with the Khmer Rouge in the cross border trade in timber. The document contains two main sections; the first is an examination of the RGC's forest policy and the realities of the corrupt and illegal trade. The second part focuses on Thailand's continued role as a major importer of Cambodian timber.
Keywords: Cambodia/corruption/deforestation/forest policy/trade/Verifor Bibliography /Project - SO140
Global Witness 1997, Just deserts for Cambodia? Deforestation and the Co-Prime Ministers' legacy to the country
Abstract: This document is a review of the developments in the forestry sector in Cambodia over the previous year. The report gives evidence in relation to the hard work of many individuals and agencies within the Royal Government of Cambodia and the international community, that have resulted in significant improvements in forest policy reform, but that the forests continued to be destroyed with the sanction of the co-Prime Ministers and the power of the armed forces
Keywords: Cambodia/communities/deforestation/forest policy/forestry reform/forests/timber trade/Verifor Bibliography /Project - SO140
Global Witness 1997, A tug of war. The struggle to protect Cambodia's forests
Abstract: This document highlights significant events surrounding the Cambodian forest policy in 1996 and follows the government's progress in implementing the pledges it made at the Tokyo Consultative Group meeting in July 1996. It goes on to report on the efficacy of the timber ban, the role of the other regional governments and raises concerns on activities of foreign concessionaires within the country
Keywords: Cambodia/forest policy/forests/timber trade/Verifor Bibliography /Project - SO140
Global Witness 1998, Going places...Cambodia's future on the move
Abstract: A review of the developments in the forestry sector in Cambodia in 1997. The report notes that the rate of forest destruction accelerated following the July 1997 coup d'etat, in part due to the high costs being borne by the political parties in the lead up to the election
Keywords: Cambodia/corruption/forest policy/illegal logging/Verifor Bibliography /Project - SO140
Global Witness 1999, The untouchables. Forest crimes and the concessionaires - can Cambodia afford to keep them?
Abstract: This report details the major illegal activities of a selection of concessionaires currently operating in Cambodia. It comprises both a historical record of concessionaire activity in Cambodia since 1995, and a critique of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) - funded concession review carried out by consultants Fraser Thomas. The critique of the review is based on two aspects: the logistical constraints and the mandate of the review team, that precluded consideration of concessionaire's past records in Cambodia, regarded by GW essential in gauging compliance with contractual obligations
Keywords: Cambodia/concessions/forest crimes/Verifor Bibliography /Project - SO140
Global Witness 1999, Made in Vietnam - cut in Cambodia. How the garden furniture trade is destroying rainforests
Abstract: This report exposes the illegal trade in Cambodian timber to Vietnam, where it is made into garden furniture and then exported to European high street stores
Keywords: Cambodia/corruption/illegal logging/trade/Vietnam/Verifor Bibliography /Project - SO140
Global Witness 2000, Chainsaws speak louder than words
Abstract: A review of the developments in Cambodia's forestry sector in the previous year, including an analysis of the Royal Government of Cambodia's compliance with the 17 points of the January 1999 crackdown
Keywords: Cambodia/forest crimes/forestry reform/illegal logging/Verifor Bibliography /Project - SO140
Global Witness 2001, The credibility gap and the need to bridge it. Increasing the pace of forestry reform in Cambodia
Abstract: This briefing document reviews the developments in the forestry sector in Cambodia over the year 2000, detailing incidents of illegal logging throughout the country. It examines the role of the Royal Government of Cambodia in the forestry reform process and points out that although there has been significant progress, there are still many issues that need to be dealt with. The report mentions among the positive aspects the formation of the Forest Crime Monitoring Unit (FCMU), the commitment to passing new forestry laws, and establishing new concession agreements. Nevertheless, there are still problems related to impunity and corruption. The report highlights an important contradiction: while the military is still in control of illegal logging activities, it is given the task of combating it
Keywords: Cambodia/corruption/forestry reform/illegal logging/monitoring/Verifor Bibliography /Project - SO140
Global Witness 2002, Deforestation without limits. How the Cambodian government failed to tackle the untouchables. Report, August 2001 - April 2002
Abstract: This briefing document contains information relating to illegal logging reports submitted to the Royal Government of Cambodia between August 2001 and April 2002 by Global Witness acting in its capacity as Independent Monitor. Also included in this briefing document is a summary of the government action taken upon receipt of each report and Global Witness' assessment of this action. The reports conclusion is that the biggest obstacle for sound forest management in Cambodia remains the flawed concession system. The information in the report highlights that the companies continue to operate with impunity, unaffected by the reform agenda
Keywords: Cambodia/deforestation/illegal logging/independent forest monitoring/Verifor Bibliography /Project - SO140
Global Witness 2002, Reform of the forest crime monitoring and reporting project
Abstract: This document outlines in brief the fundamental problems with the Forest Crimes Monitoring and Reporting Project (FCMRP) and potential ways forward. This includes a series of recommendations that could make the project function from the perspective of continued involvement of the Department of Forestry and Wildlife (DFW) or if that is not workable, what can be done in the absence of future DFW participation
Keywords: Cambodia/communities/forest crimes/independent forest monitoring/monitoring/Verifor Bibliography /Project - SO140
Le Billon, P. 2000, "The political ecology of transition in Cambodia 1989-1999: war, peace and forest exploitation", Development and Change , vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 785-805.
Abstract: This article explores the social networks and power politics shaping forest exploitation in Cambodia, with the aim of casting light on the politics of transition. It also scrutinizes the unintended consequences of the international community's discourse of democracy, good governance, and sustainable development on forest access rights. The commoditisation of Cambodian forests is interpreted as a process of transforming nature into money through a political ecology of transition that legitimates an exclusionary form of capitalism.
Keywords: Cambodia/forests/governance/Verifor Bibliography /Project - SO140
Magrath, W. & Grandalski, R. 2002, Policies, strategies and technologies for forest resource protection" in Applying Reduced Impact Logging to Advance Sustainable Forest Management. International Conference Proceedings 26 February - 1 March. Kiching, Malaysia..:
Abstract: This paper provides a summary of key findings on forest law enforcement in developing countries based in part, on the experiences and papers shared at the Mekong Basin Countries Symposium on forest Law Enforcement held in Phnom Penh, Cambodia on June 1999. It is addressed to those concerned with overall forest policies and with the place of forest law enforcement within them
Keywords: Cambodia/forest law/forest law enforcement/forest policy/Verifor Bibliography /Project - SO140
Secretariat of the Forest Integrity Network, Landell-Mills, P., Spears, J., & Gupta, A. 2002, Progress toward containment of forest corruption and improved forest governance. An information note prepared for Transparency International's Annual General Meeting
Abstract: This document summarizes some of the initiatives taken recently by various stakeholder groups to combat forest corruption and foster improved forest law enforcement. It recognizes that the containment of forest related corruption can only be done with the participation of various stakeholders including local communities, NGO's, private sector, governments and development agencies and proceeds to give brief descriptions and examples.
- Local communities: community action in India, Mexico and Tanzania.
- NGO's: work done by Global Witness, the Nature Conservancy, Forest Trends and Global Forest Watch.
- Private Industry: Council for Forest and Paper Associations, the World Business Council for Sustainable Development.
- Governments: Albania, Cambodia, Ecuador, Indonesia, FLEG in Africa and Asia, and the European Commission's Action Plan.
- Multilateral Banks and Development Agencies: World Bank, FAO, the International Tropical Timber Organization
The document concludes with TI's and FIN's steps to build coalitions to fight forest corruption by:
- building up and publicizing data and information on the issue
- promoting action plans that include ideas such as: community forestry, integrity pacts for forest concessions, review of laws and policies, certification, citizen-watch activities etc.
Keywords: Africa/Asia/Cambodia/certification/communities/ concessions/corruption/ Ecuador/FLEG/forest law/forest law enforcement/governance/Indonesia/ law enforcement/NGO's/participation/Transparency International/ Verifor Bibliography /Project - SO140
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) 1999, Monitoring Cambodian forestry to improve forest management. Project of the Royal Government of Cambodia
The Royal Government of Cambodia requested assistance to various donors in order to establish a forest monitoring program. This activity, which is part of a comprehensive forestry sector reform program, involves cooperation of the Department of Forestry and Wildlife (DFW) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF), the Department of Inspection, the Ministry of Environment and a major international NGO, Global Witness, serving as an independent monitor. The total cost of the three year program is estimated at $2 million. The project document gives a very brief description of the forestry sector in Cambodia, as well as the main justification, project strategy and major objectives and activities
Keywords: Cambodia/law enforcement/monitoring/Verifor Bibliography /Project - SO140
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