Resources

Bibliography compiled by Lorena Ibargüen Tinley in 2004. A-Z by country and subject:

• Africa
• Cambodia
• Cameroon
• Certification
• CITES
• Communities
• Concessions
• Corruption
• Deforestation
• Ecuador
• FLEG
• Forest Crimes
• Forest Law
• Forest Law Enforcement
• Forest Policy
• Forests
• Global Witness
• Governance
• Illegal Logging
• Illegal Timber Trade
• Independent Forest Monitoring
• Indonesia
• Kimberley Process
• Law Enforcement
• Monitoring
• Participation
• Philippines
• Trade

Contreras-Hermosilla, A. & Vargas Rios, M. T. 2002, Social, environmental and economic dimensions of forest policy reforms in Bolivia , Forest Trends and Centre for International Forestry Research (CIFOR)
Abstract: This paper looks at the experience of designing and implementing policy reforms in the Bolivian forestry sector. It describes the process that led to the adoption of policy reforms, the main features of the policy reform package, as well as a section focusing on the economic, environmental and social dimensions of reform and the lessons that can be derived from the Bolivian experience. Some of the main policy reforms mentioned are:

• the examination of planning documents (the forest management plan, the annual operations plans, annual and quarterly reports from the raw material processing centres),
• Use of independent inspecting agents
• Inspections at anytime by the superintendcy's own initiative or at the request of a third party
• A flat fee on timber concessions to undermine the discretionary power of corrupt forest officers controlling the implementation of concession contracts.
• Open auctions on all new concessions contracts
• Civil society participation, whereby the public can become directly involved in forest law enforcement

Keywords: Bolivia/concessions/corruption/forest law/forest law enforcement/law enforcement/participation/Verifor Bibliography /Project - SO140

Development Alternatives Inc 1998, Current conditions for forest exploitation and management. Log monitoring and logging control project. Submitted to: Royal Government of Cambodia, Ministry of Economy and Finance & Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
Abstract: This report examines the causes, methods and actors involved in illegal and uncontrolled logging in Cambodia. The first part describes the role that authorizations play in facilitating illegal and uncontrolled logging. In the second part, illegal activity is categorized into seven types and a brief characterization of each type is given. Causes and incentives for the activity are discussed and the methods employed and the key actors are described. The seven categories of illegal activity discussed are:

1. logging in protected areas
2. unauthorized logging on concessions by concessionaires
3. unauthorized cutting on concessions by poachers
4. illegal transporting
5. illegal log export in violation of the export ban
6. illegal log scaling and grading
7. illegal processing

Keywords: Cambodia/concessions/monitoring/Verifor Bibliography /Project - SO140

Forests Monitor 2001, Sold down the river. The need to control transnational forestry corporations: a European case study , Netherlands Committee for IUCN and Map research was funded by the MacArthur Foundation.
Abstract: This report examines the role of the European Union (EU) in the management of forest resources in six countries in Central Africa: Cameroon, Central African Republic, Congo (Brazzaville), Democratic Republic of Congo, Equatorial Guinea and Gabon. One of the reports objectives is to effectively assess the benefits of the international timber trade on local communities. It looks into each country case to analyze the role of transnational corporations, of multilateral and bilateral creditors and national governments, in view of the expansion of forest commercial exploitation. Some of the aspects reviewed are the capacity of these African national governments to enforce forestry legislation, the timber industry's response to weak enforcement and the lack of transparency and democracy. The report concludes that private companies are logging illegally on a significant scale and national governments are using logging concessions to develop and maintain their various patronage networks. In this context, local communities are becoming more marginalised, their rights being undermined and livelihood opportunities threatened. This report is third in a series which focuses on the social, environmental, economic and political impacts of transnational corporations (TNC's) on forests and forest peoples
Keywords: Africa/Cameroon/communities/concessions/forests/trade/transnational corporations/Verifor Bibliography /Project - SO140

Global Witness 1999, The untouchables. Forest crimes and the concessionaires - can Cambodia afford to keep them?
Abstract: This report details the major illegal activities of a selection of concessionaires currently operating in Cambodia. It comprises both a historical record of concessionaire activity in Cambodia since 1995, and a critique of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) - funded concession review carried out by consultants Fraser Thomas. The critique of the review is based on two aspects: the logistical constraints and the mandate of the review team, that precluded consideration of concessionaire's past records in Cambodia, regarded by GW essential in gauging compliance with contractual obligations
Keywords: Cambodia/concessions/forest crimes/Verifor Bibliography /Project - SO140

Saunders, J. 2003, Sources of investment for forestry: preventing flows of finance to illegal activities. Proceeds from meeting that took place the 5th of September 2003 at the Royal Institute of International Affairs, Chatham House, 10 St James Square, London
Abstract: This document synthesizes the proceeds from a meeting organized by the Sustainable Development Programme of RIIA on the issue of reducing illegal logging via pressures related to international finance. The document starts with the comments and main points of a paper presented, titled: "Sources of Investment for Forestry: Preventing Flows of Finance to Illegal Activities," by Van Gelder, J.W.; Richert, W. & Walder, E. It continues with the summary of the main points from the participants presentations, who were invited to outline their work in the area of finance and forestry.

• Ronald Offrell, of April (a leading pulp and paper company with concessions in Indonesia)
• Ruddy Rumuru, of WAWIT Watch Indonesia
• Ugis Rotbergs, of WWF Latvia
• Jon Sohn, of Friends of the Earth US.
• Michelle Chan Fishel, of Finance Watch and Friends of the Earth International
• Bambang Setiono, of CIFOR
• Mark Campnale, of Hendersons Global Investors
• Cinnamon Dornsife, of Forest Trends

Keywords: concessions/illegal logging/Indonesia/Verifor Bibliography /Project - SO140

Secretariat of the Forest Integrity Network, Landell-Mills, P., Spears, J., & Gupta, A. 2002, Progress toward containment of forest corruption and improved forest governance. An information note prepared for Transparency International's Annual General Meeting
Abstract: This document summarizes some of the initiatives taken recently by various stakeholder groups to combat forest corruption and foster improved forest law enforcement. It recognizes that the containment of forest related corruption can only be done with the participation of various stakeholders including local communities, NGO's, private sector, governments and development agencies and proceeds to give brief descriptions and examples.

• Local communities: community action in India, Mexico and Tanzania.
• NGO's: work done by Global Witness, the Nature Conservancy, Forest Trends and Global Forest Watch.
• Private Industry: Council for Forest and Paper Associations, the World Business Council for Sustainable Development.
• Governments: Albania, Cambodia, Ecuador, Indonesia, FLEG in Africa and Asia, and the European Commission's Action Plan.
• Multilateral Banks and Development Agencies: World Bank, FAO, the International Tropical Timber Organization

The document concludes with TI's and FIN's steps to build coalitions to fight forest corruption by:

1. building up and publicizing data and information on the issue
2. promoting action plans that include ideas such as: community forestry, integrity pacts for forest concessions, review of laws and policies, certification, citizen-watch activities etc.

Keywords: Africa/Asia/Cambodia/certification/ communities/concessions/corruption/Ecuador /FLEG/forest law/forest law enforcement/governance/Indonesia/law enforcement/ NGO's/participation/Transparency International/Verifor Bibliography /Project - SO140