Resources
Bibliography compiled by Lorena Ibargüen Tinley in 2004.
A-Z by country and subject:
Brunner, J., Seyemour, F., Badenoch, N., & Ratner, B. D. 1999, Forest problems and law enforcement in Southeast Asia: the role of local communities
Abstract: In the past, forest legislation has either ignored or barely recognized the customary rights of long- term occupants or indigenous communities. Southeast Asian countries have vested control of the regions forest in the government and their centralized resource management agencies. Nevertheless, there is today undeniable evidence of the States' failure to control deforestation and prevent widespread forest mismanagement by state or private companies. This paper examines the role of local communities in forest law enforcement and highlights the strong evidence that, in partnership with official agencies, communities can prevent and detect forest problems more reliably and at lower cost that the state alone. Nevertheless, building such partnerships implies fundamental changes in the way state authorities perceive and treat those who live in and depend on the forest, as well as significant policy and institutional changes.
Keywords: communities/deforestation/forest law/forest law enforcement/law enforcement/Southeast Asia/Verifor Bibliography /Project - SO140
Contreras-Hermosilla, A. 2000, The underlying causes of forest decline , Centre for International Forestry Research (CIFOR)
Abstract: Underlying causes of deforestation and degradation originate in some of the most basic features of society, such as the distribution of economic and political power, attitudes towards corruption, population growth, flaws in the market system, and also in seemingly unrelated government policies. They may originate in other countries and transmit their effects through trade and the operation of transnational corporations.
Keywords: communities/corruption/deforestation/illegal timber trade/trade/Verifor Bibliography /Project - SO140
Environmental Investigation Agency & Telapak, I. 2000, Illegal logging in Tanjung Puting National Park. An update on the final cut report
Abstract: This expands on previous report denouncing of illegal logging in National Parks in Indonesia. The document goes on to condemn the failure of the government to fulfil its promises to deal with illegal logging. It informs that illegal logging is on the increase and that around 70% of timber in the country is from illegal sources. It further develops the dangers of deforestation on local communities as well as the threats on biodiversity, specifically the case of the orang-utan, in which case their number have declined so much that their status is being reassessed to hold them under the "critically endangered" species. The report finalizes with recommendations to the government of Indonesia and the international community.
Keywords: communities/deforestation/illegal logging/Indonesia/orangutan/Verifor Bibliography /Project - SO140
Fearnside, P. M. 2003, "Deforestation control in Mato Gross: a new model for solving the loss of Brazil's Amazon forests", AMBIO: Journal of the Human Environment , vol. 32, no. 5, pp. 343-345.
Abstract: From 1997 to 2000, deforestation rates in Brazil's 9-state "Legal Amazon" region continually crept upward. Now, a licensing and enforcement program for clearing by large farmers and ranchers in the state of Mato Grosso appears to be having an effect. The deforestation rate in Mato Grosso was already beginning to slacken before the initiation of the program in 1999, but examination of county-level data suggests that deforestation in already heavily cleared areas was falling due to lack of suitable uncleared land, while little-cleared areas were experiencing rapid deforestation. Following initiation of the program, the clearing rates declined in the recent frontiers. Areas with greater enforcement effort also appear to have experienced greater declines
Keywords: Amazon/Brazil/deforestation/forests/Mato Grosso/Verifor Bibliography /Project - SO140
Global Witness 1996, Corruption, war and forest policy
Abstract: This document examines deforestation in Cambodia, focusing on the role of the Royal Government of Cambodia in its destruction and the continued involvement of the Thai government and military with the Khmer Rouge in the cross border trade in timber. The document contains two main sections; the first is an examination of the RGC's forest policy and the realities of the corrupt and illegal trade. The second part focuses on Thailand's continued role as a major importer of Cambodian timber
Keywords: Cambodia/corruption/deforestation/forest policy/trade/Verifor Bibliography /Project - SO140
Global Witness 1997, Just deserts for Cambodia? Deforestation and the Co-Prime Ministers' legacy to the country
Abstract: This document is a review of the developments in the forestry sector in Cambodia over the previous year. The report gives evidence in relation to the hard work of many individuals and agencies within the Royal Government of Cambodia and the international community, that have resulted in significant improvements in forest policy reform, but that the forests continued to be destroyed with the sanction of the co-Prime Ministers and the power of the armed forces
Keywords: Cambodia/communities/deforestation/forest policy/forestry reform/forests/timber trade/Verifor Bibliography /Project - SO140
Global Witness 2002, Deforestation without limits. How the Cambodian government failed to tackle the untouchables. Report, August 2001 - April 2002
Abstract: This briefing document contains information relating to illegal logging reports submitted to the Royal Government of Cambodia between August 2001 and April 2002 by Global Witness acting in its capacity as Independent Monitor. Also included in this briefing document is a summary of the government action taken upon receipt of each report and Global Witness' assessment of this action. The reports conclusion is that the biggest obstacle for sound forest management in Cambodia remains the flawed concession system. The information in the report highlights that the companies continue to operate with impunity, unaffected by the reform agenda
Keywords: Cambodia/deforestation/illegal logging/independent forest monitoring/Verifor Bibliography /Project - SO140
Hirakuri, S. R. 2003, Can law save the forests? Lessons from Finland and Brazil , Centre for International Forestry Research (CIFOR).
Abstract: Forests provide mankind with a wide range of economic, social and environmental benefits. However, the forests are increasingly being threatened by unsustainable logging practices. Rampant deforestation in the tropics and international pressures has led governments of tropical forest countries to take actions to promote forest management of natural forests. However, in most countries forest management has been implemented improperly. Thus, low compliance with existing forest management laws rather than lack of law is often a leading cause of unsustainable forestry practices. This study examines the contrast of Brazil, a low compliance country, with Finland, the most successful country. Focus is given to the Finnish model of forestry law enforcement, concentrating on factors that can be adapted to Brazil and other tropical forest countries. Some specific recommendations have been drawn from this cross-case study. These lessons might be useful for Brazil and other tropical forest countries which are trying to improve their forestry law enforcement system.
Keywords: Brazil/deforestation/Finland/forest law enforcement/forests/law enforcement/Verifor Bibliography /Project - SO140
Marijnissen, C., Ozinga, S., Richards, B., & Risso, S. 2004, Facing reality. How to halt the import of illegal timber in the EU , FERN, Greenpeace, WWF.
Abstract: This study focuses on the problems illegal logging brings about, and the role the EU plays as a major buyer of illegally sourced timber. The authors describe how illegal logging contributes to deforestation and loss of biodiversity; fuels civil wars and threatens international security through bribery, organized crime and human rights abuses; cuts tax revenue of producer countries; destabilizes international markets and undermines both legitimate business and responsible forest management. It is an international problem that needs solutions from both producer and buyer countries, but the EU does not have the legal means to halt the import of illegal timber. The study does an analysis of the international framework (FLEG process, G8 meetings) as well as relevant EU legislation. In the last section it deals with actions need to stop this problem and reviews CITES, procurement policies, the need for regulating the financial sector, customs cooperation, licensing schemes, independent monitoring among others
Keywords: CITES/deforestation/FLEG/illegal logging/independent monitoring/licensing schemes/monitoring/procurement policies/Verifor Bibliography /Project - SO140
Ministerio do Meio Ambiente, S. & Banco, M. 2003, Controle do desmatamento e valorizacao economica da floresta - fundamentos y resultados 1999-2002
Abstract: This power point presentation describes the policies that have been implemented to combat deforestation in the Amazon from 1999 to 2002. It includes the background actions to the policies, identification of the causes, deforestation dynamics in the region and results. The four major policies reviewed are:
- 1999 Protected Areas Project (Projeto ARPA- Areas Prtegidas da Amazonia)
- 2000 Legal Amazon (Amazonia Fique Legal)
- 2001 Licencing in Rural Properties (Atos normativos e Licenciamento Ambiental em Propiedade Rural)
- 2002. Economic Instruments.
Keywords: Amazon/Brazil/deforestation/forest monitoring/forest policy/Verifor Bibliography /Project - SO140
Newman, J., Rwindrijarto, A., Currey, D., & Hapsoro 1999, The final cut. Illegal logging in Indonesia's Orangutan Parks , Environmental Investigation Agency (EIA) and Telapak Indonesia
Abstract: This report denounces illegal logging activities in two of Indonesia's most important protected areas, Tanjung Puting National Park and Gunung Leuser National Park. It condemns the role of local timber barons, members of the military, police and the forest department involved in the pillaging of the forest. It presents information on the scale of illegal logging, the threat to biodiversity and gives an overview of the legal forest reform process. The document ends with a series of recommendations that include: immediate investigation and prosecution of owners of sawmills proven to be acting illegally, the passing of an alternative forestry law, investigation into corruption of the authorities, and the responsibility the international community must take for their consumption of illegally produced timber from Indonesia, among others.
Keywords: corruption/deforestation/illegal logging/Indonesia/Verifor Bibliography /Project - SO140
Souza, C. & Barreto, P. 2001, Programa piloto para a protecao das florestas tropicais do Brasil - PPG7. Ministerio do Meio Ambiente, Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renovaveis
Abstract: The objective of this document is to present the relevant applications of geo processing in the control of deforestation due to forest fires and timber extraction activities. Initially the authors present the applications of remote sensing that permit the mapping of deforested areas and then they discuss how the information generated can be integrated to a database and used in activities such as licensing and monitoring of forest activities. (document available in Portuguese)
Keywords: Brazil/deforestation/forest monitoring/geographical information systems/monitoring/Verifor Bibliography /Project - SO140
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