Resources

Bibliography compiled by Lorena Ibargüen Tinley in 2004. A-Z by country and subject:

• Africa
• Cambodia
• Cameroon
• Certification
• CITES
• Communities
• Concessions
• Corruption
• Deforestation
• Ecuador
• FLEG
• Forest Crimes
• Forest Law
• Forest Law Enforcement
• Forest Policy
• Forests
• Global Witness
• Governance
• Illegal Logging
• Illegal Timber Trade
• Independent Forest Monitoring
• Indonesia
• Kimberley Process
• Law Enforcement
• Monitoring
• Participation
• Philippines
• Trade

Also on this site

• VERIFOR Briefing Paper 4 - Independent monitoring of the FLEGT Timber Legality Assurance System: Thinking Outside the Box (PDF, 306kb)

Andin, N. A. & Gorospe, N. V. 2003, Forest law enforcement and governance: the Philippine experience , FLEG
Abstract: The document is a review of Philippine Environmental Legislation and is divided in three general topics which are: Public Awareness, Transparency and Participation; Institution and Capacity Building and Local Level Initiatives. Some of the environmental measures that are described briefly in the document are: the Ecogovernance Program, Chains Saw Act, National Law Enforcement Committee, and the Multi-Sectoral Forest Protection Councils
Keywords: forest law enforcement/governance/law enforcement/participation/Philippines/Verifor Bibliography /Project - SO140

Marijnissen, C., Ozinga, S., Richards, B., & Risso, S. 2004, Facing reality. How to halt the import of illegal timber in the EU , FERN, Greenpeace, WWF.
Abstract: This study focuses on the problems illegal logging brings about, and the role the EU plays as a major buyer of illegally sourced timber. The authors describe how illegal logging contributes to deforestation and loss of biodiversity; fuels civil wars and threatens international security through bribery, organized crime and human rights abuses; cuts tax revenue of producer countries; destabilizes international markets and undermines both legitimate business and responsible forest management. It is an international problem that needs solutions from both producer and buyer countries, but the EU does not have the legal means to halt the import of illegal timber. The study does an analysis of the international framework (FLEG process, G8 meetings) as well as relevant EU legislation. In the last section it deals with actions need to stop this problem and reviews CITES, procurement policies, the need for regulating the financial sector, customs cooperation, licensing schemes, independent monitoring among others
Keywords: CITES/deforestation/FLEG/illegal logging/independent monitoring/licensing schemes/monitoring/procurement policies/Verifor Bibliography /Project - SO140

Royal Institute of International Affairs (RIIA) 2003, UK Government Forest Law Enforcement and Governance Programme, Assessment. Workshop proceedings, Monday 1st of December 2003. RIIA, Chatham House, 10 St James Square, London
Abstract: This document summarized key issues discussed in the UK Government Forest Law Enforcement and Governance Programme Assessment, which had the objective of gathering views on whether the original aims and elements of the programme were still valid after a first year of activities. The discussion was organized into four main groups comprising the following:

1. Indonesia-UK Memorandum of Understanding (MoU). The main issues discussed were the immediate need for a workable national definition of legality, the impacts of both logging and enforcement on the poor, law enforcement and corruption measures, the need for policy coherence, trade measures, among others. One of the main conclusions was that the MoU's main weakness was its limited geographical reach.
2. The Regional Forest Law Enforcement and Governance Process (FLEG) - In the debate over the FLEG process the key themes were donor leverage, the vital importance of monitoring and follow up, the lack of political will in producer countries and the need to clarify aims.
3. Timber industry and private sector initiatives
   The main topics were the need for definitions of legality, certification schemes, costs, consumer education, market-based approaches vs. government action and the impact of plantation forestry.
4. Research Agenda and Systems Development - The main issue was the dialogue around independent monitoring schemes like the work done by Global Witness as well as the experiences by SGS. The key themes were the need for coordination, coherence and cross-referencing of research to create a strategic framework, and using legislation in innovative ways.

Keywords: certification/corruption/FLEG/forest law/forest law enforcement/governance/illegal logging/independent monitoring/Indonesia-UK MoU/law enforcement/ monitoring/SGS/trade/ Verifor Bibliography /Project - SO140

Secretariat of the Forest Integrity Network, Landell-Mills, P., Spears, J., & Gupta, A. 2002, Progress toward containment of forest corruption and improved forest governance. An information note prepared for Transparency International's Annual General Meeting
Abstract: This document summarizes some of the initiatives taken recently by various stakeholder groups to combat forest corruption and foster improved forest law enforcement. It recognizes that the containment of forest related corruption can only be done with the participation of various stakeholders including local communities, NGO's, private sector, governments and development agencies and proceeds to give brief descriptions and examples.

• Local communities: community action in India, Mexico and Tanzania.
• NGO's: work done by Global Witness, the Nature Conservancy, Forest Trends and Global Forest Watch.
• Private Industry: Council for Forest and Paper Associations, the World Business Council for Sustainable Development.
• Governments: Albania, Cambodia, Ecuador, Indonesia, FLEG in Africa and Asia, and the European Commission's Action Plan.
• Multilateral Banks and Development Agencies: World Bank, FAO, the International Tropical Timber Organization

The document concludes with TI's and FIN's steps to build coalitions to fight forest corruption by:

1. building up and publicizing data and information on the issue
2. promoting action plans that include ideas such as: community forestry, integrity pacts for forest concessions, review of laws and policies, certification, citizen-watch activities etc.

Keywords: Africa/Asia/Cambodia/certification/communities/concessions /corruption/Ecuador/FLEG/forest law/forest law enforcement/governance/Indonesia/law enforcement/NGO's/participation/Transparency International/Verifor Bibliography /Project - SO140